Includes a few modes (bit rates): 3600, 2400, 1600, 1200, 700, 600, 600/900 (scalable), 480/800 (scalable), 480, 300 bps as well as NRT mode (variable bit rate).

Of course, quantity and presence of the bit rates can be modified under specific requirements of customer.

Provides very high speech quality - much better in comparison with any competitors on the market.

For Digital HF Radio and other markets.

TWELP Technology Features. The vocoder is based on newest technology of speech coding called "Tri-Wave Excited Linear Prediction" (TWELP) that was developed by experts of DSPINI. 

TWELP technology is a new class of vocoders that differs from any other LPC-based vocoders by:

  • advance reliable method of pitch estimation
  • pitch-synchronous analysis
  • advance tri-wave model of excitation
  • newest quantization schemes
  • pitch-synchronous synthesis

Thanks to these unique features, TWELP technology provides much better speech quality in comparison with any well-known technologies, including AMBE+2, MELPe, ACELP, etc. on the same bit rate in range from 300 bps up to 9600 bps and more.

TWELP technology allowes to reduce bit rate two times in practice. Moreover, TWELP vocoder sounds much more naturally and in contrast to other LBR vocoders (like MELPe, etc.) TWELP provides much better quality for non-speech signals like sirens, background music, etc.

Superiority In Speech Quality. Here is the comparison with MELPe and GSM AMR vocoders in noiseless channel. TWELP 2400 bps vocoder, MELPe 2400 bps vocoder and GSM AMR 4.75 kbps vocoder were tested, using ITU-T P.50 speech base for 20 different languages. ITU-T P.862 utility was used for estimation of the speech quality in PESQ terms:

 
A diagram demonstrates a huge superiority of the TWELP 2400 bps over MELPe 2400 bps and a closeness (and even superiority for a few languages) to GSM AMR 4750 bps vocoder of the speech quality in clear channel. Exact numbers are presented in the table below.
LanguageAMR 4750TWELP 2400MELPe 2400
American 3.351 3.330 3.077
Arabic 3.277 3.253 3.053
British 3.272 3.181 3.019
Chinese 3.267 3.307 2.970
Danish 3.311 3.275 3.022
Dutch 3.089 3.114 2.830
Finnich 3.166 3.049 2.791
French 3.277 3.325 3.106
German 3.321 3.183 2.998
Greek 3.206 3.275 3.004
Hindi 3.286 3.246 3.089
Hungarian 3.305 3.279 3.086
Italian 3.462 3.363 3.226
Japanese 3.369 3.407 3.188
Norwegian 3.267 3.286 3.032
Polish 3.263 3.267 3.029
Portuguese 3.377 3.350 3.146
Russian 3.186 3.165 2.952
Spanish 3.343 3.294 3.048
Swedish 3.391 3.269 3.147
Average3.2893.2613.041

Superiority of the TWELP 2400 bps vocoder over MELPe 2400 bps is on average 0.220 PESQ and just -0.028 PESQ in comparison with AMR 4750 bps

Please find infomation about superiority in speech quality of the TWELP MR vocoder for all other bit rates on appropriate web-pages for specific bit rates.


Speech Samples (WAV-files). A few independent experts listened TWELP 2400 bps vocoder in comparison with MELPe 2400 bps vocoder and GSM AMR 4750 bps vocoder, using preference method. All experts preferred TWELP to the MELPe, having noted much more natural human-sounding of voice in the TWELP vocoder. A majority of experts haven't given preferences to GSM AMR or TWELP, but a majority of the remained prefered TWELP, having noted more clear sounding of speech in TWELP vocoder.
You can play and listen short samples of the source speech as well as the speech processed by these vocoders for any of 20 languages, using links in the table below.
Also, you can download full set of the P.50 samples as zip-files for all languages simultaneously, using the links in the "Downloads" para in a bottom of the page.

LanguageSource speechAMR 4750 bpsMELPe 2400 bpsTWELP 2400 bps
American
Arabic
British
Chinese
Danish
Dutch
Finnich
French
German
Greek
Hindi
Hungarian
Italian
Japanese
Norwegian
Polish
Portuguese
Russian
Spanish
Swedish

Please find samples of the TWELP MR vocoder for all other bit rates on appropriate web-pages for specific bit rates.

Superiority In Quality Of The Non-speech Signals. In contrast to other LBR vocoders (MELPe, AMBE+2, etc.), TWELP vocoders provide high quality of non-speech signals, including police, ambulance, fire sirens, etc. This feature in conjunction with high quality natural human-sounding of voice makes TWELP vocoders well suitable for replacement of analog radio by digital radio and also for other applications where high quality transmitting of non-speech signals is relevant along with high quality transmitting of speech signals.

Source typeSource signalMELPe 2400 bpsTWELP 2400 bps
Siren only
With voice

Please find non-speech samples of the TWELP MR vocoder for all other bit rates on appropriate web-pages for specific bit rates.

High Robustness To Acoustic Noise. In contrast to other LBR vocoders, TWELP vocoders are well robust to acoustic noise thanks to robust reliable method of pitch estimation and other features of TWELP technology.

Moreover, vocoder includes in-built Noise Cancellation—Speech Enhancement (NCSE) functionality that improves speech quality in noisy acoustic environment.

NCSE ModeSource signalMELPe 2400 bpsTWELP 2400 bps Robust
Disabled
Enabled

Please find similar samples of the TWELP MR vocoder for all other bit rates on appropriate web-pages for specific bit rates.

High Robustness To The Channel Errors. The diagram and table below show a dependence of the averaged speech quality for AWGN-noisy channel for different BER in comparison with other vocoders.

We recommend to use regular versions of the TWELP vocoders in good channels only, where BER is not more than 0.15%.

In case you use the channels, where a majority of calls are at BER > 0.15%, we recommend to use "TWELP Robust" versions of the vocoders (with in-built specific FEC) and primeraly with "Soft Decisions" output from a modem. You can compare the robustness of the vocoders on the diagramm below.

 
BER %MELPe 2400TWELP 2400 RobustTWELP 2400
0.00 3.041 3.135 3.261
0.10 2.963 3.130 3.157
0.20 2.890 3.125 3.067
0.30 2.830 3.120 3.009
0.40 2.781 3.115 2.946
0.50 2.734 3.109 2.882
0.60 2.688 3.102 2.811
0.70 2.633 3.097 2.759
0.80 2.587 3.092 2.709
0.90 2.552 3.087 2.652
1.00 2.502 3.079 2.614

You can play and listen short samples of the source speech as well as the speech processed by MELPe and TWELP Robust vocoders on the same bit rate 2400 bps in AWGN channel with BER = 5% for any of 20 languages, using links in the table below.

LanguageSource speechMELPe 2400 (BER = 5%)TWELP 2400 Robust (BER = 5%)
American
Arabic
British
Chinese
Danish
Dutch
Finnich
French
German
Greek
Hindi
Hungarian
Italian
Japanese
Norwegian
Polish
Portuguese
Russian
Spanish
Swedish

Please find information about robustness to errors of the TWELP MR vocoder for all other bit rates on appropriate web-pages for specific bit rates.

Additional Functionalities. The following additional functionalities are developed by DSPINI and integrated into TWELP vocoders:

  • Automatic Gain Control (AGC),
  • Noise Cancellation for Speech Enhancement (NCSE)
  • Voice Activity Detector (VAD),
  • Tone Detection/Generation (Single tones and Dual tones). The tones are transmitted by the vocoder facilities.

Each functionality has unique features, performance and characteristics, providing significant superiority over any well-known implementations on the market.

Technical Characteristics And Resource Requirements:

Technical characteristics
Bit Rate
(bps)
Algorithm Frame size
(ms)
Algorithmic delay
(including frame size)
(ms)
Sampling rate
(kHz)
Signal format Bit stream format
3600 TWELPTM 20 40 8 Linear
16-bit
PCM
72
2400 20 40 48
1600 40 60 64
1200 40 60 48
700 80 100 56
600 80 100 48
600/900 scalable 100 120 60+30=90 (DTX is disabled) 11...91 (DTX is enabled)
480/800 scalable 100 120 48+32=80 (DTX is disabled) 11...81 (DTX is enabled)
480 100 120 48
(DTX is disabled) 11...49 (DTX is enabled)
300 320 340 96
NRT (VBR) 100хN 100хN+20 11хN...61хN
Additional functionalities
NameFunctionalityTechnical characteristics
NameValue
AGC Automatic Gain 
Control
Control range: 0 ... +20 dB
NCSE Noise Canceller -
Speech Enhancer
SNR increasing > 6 dB
Speech quality
improvement
> 0.1 PESQ
Tone
Detector
Single/Dual tones 
detection
In accordance with international standards
Tone
Generator
Single/Dual tones 
generation
Special generator, kept continuity of signal 
(phase and amplitude of signal of previous frame)
VAD Voice Activity 
Detection
Reliable detection speech 
in background noise
CNG Comfort Noise 
Generation
Type of noise "white"
Level - 60 dB

Resources for ARM Cortex-M4 platform
BitrateModuleMIPS*
peak
Memory (KBytes)
ProgramData
ConstantsChannelHeapStack
3600 Voice Encoder  60.2   125     1825   4.9  17.9   2.1  
NCSE  5.8
AGC  0.4
Voice Decoder  14.6
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
 74.8
Total  81.0
2400 Voice Encoder  46.6
NCSE 5.8 
AGC 0.4 
Voice Decoder 13.5
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
60.1 
Total 66.3
1600 Voice Encoder 105.0 
NCSE 6.2 
AGC 0.4 
Voice Decoder 10.3 
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
115.3 
Total 121.9 
1200 Voice Encoder 96.9 
NCSE 6.4 
AGC 0.4 
Voice Decoder 14.0
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
110.9 
Total 117.7 
700 Voice Encoder 91.3 
NCSE 6.4 
AGC 0.4 
Voice Decoder 13.7 
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
105.0 
Total 111.8 
600 Voice Encoder 62.4 
NCSE 6.0 
AGC 0.4 
Voice Decoder 13.7 
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
76.1 
Total 82.5 
600/900 scalable Voice Encoder 94.6 
NCSE 6.4 
AGC 0.4 
Voice Decoder 13.7
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
108.3 
Total 115.1 
480/800 scalable Voice Encoder 40.0 
NCSE 7.4 
AGC 0.4 
Voice Decoder 10.0 
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
50.0 
Total 57.8 
480 Voice Encoder 56.3 
NCSE 6.5 
AGC 0.4 
Voice Decoder 13.7 
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
70.0 
Total 76.9 
300 Voice Encoder 72.5 
NCSE 6.4 
AGC 0.4 
Voice Decoder 13.3 
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
85.8 
Total 92.6 
NRT (VBR) Voice Encoder 89.8 
NCSE 6.4 
AGC 0.4 
Voice Decoder 13.7 
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
103.5 
Total 110.3 

Resources for TI's C64+ DSP platform
BitrateModuleMIPS*
peak
Memory (KBytes)
ProgramData
ConstantsChannelHeapStack
3600 Voice Encoder  22.1   240     1825   4.9  17.9   2.1  
NCSE  2.9
AGC  0.1
Voice Decoder  5.4
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
 27.5
Total  30.5
2400 Voice Encoder  18.7
NCSE 2.9 
AGC 0.1 
Voice Decoder  4.3
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
23.0 
Total 26.0
1600 Voice Encoder 40.0 
NCSE 2.8 
AGC 0.1 
Voice Decoder 4.0 
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
44.0 
Total 46.9 
1200 Voice Encoder 35.6 
NCSE 2.8 
AGC 0.1 
Voice Decoder 4.2
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
39.8 
Total 42.7 
700 Voice Encoder 33.9 
NCSE 2.8 
AGC 0.1 
Voice Decoder 4.1 
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
38.0 
Total 40.9 
600 Voice Encoder 23.5 
NCSE 2.6 
AGC 0.1 
Voice Decoder 4.1 
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
27.6 
Total 30.3 
600/900 scalable Voice Encoder 34.8 
NCSE 2.8 
AGC 0.1 
Voice Decoder 4.1 
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
38.9 
Total 41.8 
480/800 scalable Voice Encoder 24.4 
NCSE 3.1 
AGC 0.1 
Voice Decoder 4.1 
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
28.5 
Total 31.7 
480 Voice Encoder 21.2 
NCSE 2.8 
AGC 0.1 
Voice Decoder 4.1 
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
25.3 
Total 28.2 
300 Voice Encoder 26.8 
NCSE 2.8 
AGC 0.1 
Voice Decoder 4.0 
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
30.8 
Total 33.7 
NRT (VBR) Voice Encoder 31.1 
NCSE 2.9 
AGC 0.1 
Voice Decoder 4.1 
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
35.2 
Total 38.2 

Resources for TI's C55 DSP platform
ModuleMIPS*
peak
Memory (KBytes)
ProgramData
ConstantsChannelHeapStack
Voice Encoder            
NCSE  
AGC  
Voice Decoder  
Voice Encoder +
Voice Decoder
 
Total  

Resources for TI's DSP C55 platform are available on request

* DSPINI continues optimization of the TWELP algorithm and code in order to minimize computational complexity of the vocoder.

Vulnerability / Security. DSPINI guarantees ABSOLUTE cleanliness of the software from any undocumented features, undeclared capabilities, etc. All our customers can be sure that any our software/ code doesn't contain any secret functions and features hidden from user. We are ready to provide source codes of our software products for an appropriate certification if need.

Guarantee And Support.  DSPINI guarantees a quality and accordance of all technical characteristics of the product to requirement of current specifications. Testing and other method of quality control are used for guarantee support.

Any Platforms.  DSPINI can port this vocoder software into any other DSP, RISC or general- purposes platform inshort time: 1-2 months.

Licensing Terms.  To use the vocoder, customer should obtain a license from DSPINI only.

Customization.  The vocoder can be customized under any specific requirements- other bit rate, frame size, any other robustness to channel errors, etc. Please contact with us for details.

Prospects.  DSPINI is impoving and developing continuously a set of new vocoders with range from 300 bps up to 9600 bps, based on TWELP technology.

Related Software.  This vocoder may be effectively used in a bundle with other DSPINI's products:

  • Linear and acoustic echo cancellers,
  • Multichannel noise cancellers (including two-microphone adaptive array),
  • Wired or radiomodems for any types of channels and bitrates,
  • Other products.

Downloads: